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Filtering Machine

Filtering Machine

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Filtering Machine

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Filtering Machine, making use of porous filtering medium, retains the solid particles from the mixture of liquid and solid particles, to realize solid-liquid separation. Filter is widely used in chemical, petroleum, pharmaceutical, light industry, food, mineral processing, coal and water treatment sectors. At first most of the filtration was the gravity filtration, later, pressure filtration was used to improve the filtration rate, and then the vacuum filtration appeared.

Early in 20th century, the invention of drum vacuum filter achieved continuous filtration operation. Since then, various types of continuous filters appeared one after another. Intermittent operation of the filter can be realized due to automation, and with its development, filtering area became larger and larger. To obtain a low moisture content of filter residue, the mechanical compression filter has been developed.

Container divided into the upper and lower chamber by filter medium, constitutes a simple filter. The suspension joins to the upper chamber, under pressure, gets into lower chamber through the filter medium and becomes the filtrate, while solid particles trapped in the filter medium surface become the residue (or cake).

With the layer of residue accumulated at the filter medium surface getting gradually thick in the filtration process, the resistance of liquid getting through the layer of filter cake is becoming increased and the filtration rate decreases. When the filter chamber is full of filter cake or the filtration rate is too small, stop filtering, remove residue, and regenerate filter medium, to complete a filtering cycle.

The liquid getting through the filter cake or filter medium has to overcome the resistance, thus both sides of the filter medium must exist thedifferential pressure, which is the driving force to achieve filtration. Increasing the differential pressure accelerates the filtration, but the particles defromed by compression will block the filter medium gap easily at big differential pressure, which slows down the filtration instead. Suspension filter is divided into three types of residue layer filter, deep filtration and sieve filtering. Residue layer filter means, after the beginning of filtration, forming the initial residue level, then the filter residue layer plays a major role to the filtration, which retains various sizes of particles; deep filtration means thick filter medium, less solids in suspension, and particles smaller than the filter medium gap, particles absorbed into the pores during filtering; sieve filtering means the retained solid particles larger than the filter medium gap, the solid particles not adsorbed into the filter medium, such as the rotary sieve filter filtering out the coarse impurities from the sewage.

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